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229
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.TH "NPM\-FOLDERS" "5" "March 2017" "" ""
.SH "NAME"
\fBnpm-folders\fR \- Folder Structures Used by npm
.SH DESCRIPTION
.P
npm puts various things on your computer\. That's its job\.
.P
This document will tell you what it puts where\.
.SS tl;dr
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
Local install (default): puts stuff in \fB\|\./node_modules\fP of the current
package root\.
.IP \(bu 2
Global install (with \fB\-g\fP): puts stuff in /usr/local or wherever node
is installed\.
.IP \(bu 2
Install it \fBlocally\fR if you're going to \fBrequire()\fP it\.
.IP \(bu 2
Install it \fBglobally\fR if you're going to run it on the command line\.
.IP \(bu 2
If you need both, then install it in both places, or use \fBnpm link\fP\|\.
.RE
.SS prefix Configuration
.P
The \fBprefix\fP config defaults to the location where node is installed\.
On most systems, this is \fB/usr/local\fP\|\. On windows, this is the exact
location of the node\.exe binary\. On Unix systems, it's one level up,
since node is typically installed at \fB{prefix}/bin/node\fP rather than
\fB{prefix}/node\.exe\fP\|\.
.P
When the \fBglobal\fP flag is set, npm installs things into this prefix\.
When it is not set, it uses the root of the current package, or the
current working directory if not in a package already\.
.SS Node Modules
.P
Packages are dropped into the \fBnode_modules\fP folder under the \fBprefix\fP\|\.
When installing locally, this means that you can
\fBrequire("packagename")\fP to load its main module, or
\fBrequire("packagename/lib/path/to/sub/module")\fP to load other modules\.
.P
Global installs on Unix systems go to \fB{prefix}/lib/node_modules\fP\|\.
Global installs on Windows go to \fB{prefix}/node_modules\fP (that is, no
\fBlib\fP folder\.)
.P
Scoped packages are installed the same way, except they are grouped together
in a sub\-folder of the relevant \fBnode_modules\fP folder with the name of that
scope prefix by the @ symbol, e\.g\. \fBnpm install @myorg/package\fP would place
the package in \fB{prefix}/node_modules/@myorg/package\fP\|\. See npm help 7 \fBscope\fP for
more details\.
.P
If you wish to \fBrequire()\fP a package, then install it locally\.
.SS Executables
.P
When in global mode, executables are linked into \fB{prefix}/bin\fP on Unix,
or directly into \fB{prefix}\fP on Windows\.
.P
When in local mode, executables are linked into
\fB\|\./node_modules/\.bin\fP so that they can be made available to scripts run
through npm\. (For example, so that a test runner will be in the path
when you run \fBnpm test\fP\|\.)
.SS Man Pages
.P
When in global mode, man pages are linked into \fB{prefix}/share/man\fP\|\.
.P
When in local mode, man pages are not installed\.
.P
Man pages are not installed on Windows systems\.
.SS Cache
.P
See npm help \fBnpm\-cache\fP\|\. Cache files are stored in \fB~/\.npm\fP on Posix, or
\fB~/npm\-cache\fP on Windows\.
.P
This is controlled by the \fBcache\fP configuration param\.
.SS Temp Files
.P
Temporary files are stored by default in the folder specified by the
\fBtmp\fP config, which defaults to the TMPDIR, TMP, or TEMP environment
variables, or \fB/tmp\fP on Unix and \fBc:\\windows\\temp\fP on Windows\.
.P
Temp files are given a unique folder under this root for each run of the
program, and are deleted upon successful exit\.
.SH More Information
.P
When installing locally, npm first tries to find an appropriate
\fBprefix\fP folder\. This is so that \fBnpm install foo@1\.2\.3\fP will install
to the sensible root of your package, even if you happen to have \fBcd\fPed
into some other folder\.
.P
Starting at the $PWD, npm will walk up the folder tree checking for a
folder that contains either a \fBpackage\.json\fP file, or a \fBnode_modules\fP
folder\. If such a thing is found, then that is treated as the effective
"current directory" for the purpose of running npm commands\. (This
behavior is inspired by and similar to git's \.git\-folder seeking
logic when running git commands in a working dir\.)
.P
If no package root is found, then the current folder is used\.
.P
When you run \fBnpm install foo@1\.2\.3\fP, then the package is loaded into
the cache, and then unpacked into \fB\|\./node_modules/foo\fP\|\. Then, any of
foo's dependencies are similarly unpacked into
\fB\|\./node_modules/foo/node_modules/\.\.\.\fP\|\.
.P
Any bin files are symlinked to \fB\|\./node_modules/\.bin/\fP, so that they may
be found by npm scripts when necessary\.
.SS Global Installation
.P
If the \fBglobal\fP configuration is set to true, then npm will
install packages "globally"\.
.P
For global installation, packages are installed roughly the same way,
but using the folders described above\.
.SS Cycles, Conflicts, and Folder Parsimony
.P
Cycles are handled using the property of node's module system that it
walks up the directories looking for \fBnode_modules\fP folders\. So, at every
stage, if a package is already installed in an ancestor \fBnode_modules\fP
folder, then it is not installed at the current location\.
.P
Consider the case above, where \fBfoo \-> bar \-> baz\fP\|\. Imagine if, in
addition to that, baz depended on bar, so you'd have:
\fBfoo \-> bar \-> baz \-> bar \-> baz \.\.\.\fP\|\. However, since the folder
structure is: \fBfoo/node_modules/bar/node_modules/baz\fP, there's no need to
put another copy of bar into \fB\|\.\.\./baz/node_modules\fP, since when it calls
require("bar"), it will get the copy that is installed in
\fBfoo/node_modules/bar\fP\|\.
.P
This shortcut is only used if the exact same
version would be installed in multiple nested \fBnode_modules\fP folders\. It
is still possible to have \fBa/node_modules/b/node_modules/a\fP if the two
"a" packages are different versions\. However, without repeating the
exact same package multiple times, an infinite regress will always be
prevented\.
.P
Another optimization can be made by installing dependencies at the
highest level possible, below the localized "target" folder\.
.SS Example
.P
Consider this dependency graph:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
foo
+\-\- blerg@1\.2\.5
+\-\- bar@1\.2\.3
| +\-\- blerg@1\.x (latest=1\.3\.7)
| +\-\- baz@2\.x
| | `\-\- quux@3\.x
| | `\-\- bar@1\.2\.3 (cycle)
| `\-\- asdf@*
`\-\- baz@1\.2\.3
`\-\- quux@3\.x
`\-\- bar
.fi
.RE
.P
In this case, we might expect a folder structure like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
foo
+\-\- node_modules
+\-\- blerg (1\.2\.5) <\-\-\-[A]
+\-\- bar (1\.2\.3) <\-\-\-[B]
| `\-\- node_modules
| +\-\- baz (2\.0\.2) <\-\-\-[C]
| | `\-\- node_modules
| | `\-\- quux (3\.2\.0)
| `\-\- asdf (2\.3\.4)
`\-\- baz (1\.2\.3) <\-\-\-[D]
`\-\- node_modules
`\-\- quux (3\.2\.0) <\-\-\-[E]
.fi
.RE
.P
Since foo depends directly on \fBbar@1\.2\.3\fP and \fBbaz@1\.2\.3\fP, those are
installed in foo's \fBnode_modules\fP folder\.
.P
Even though the latest copy of blerg is 1\.3\.7, foo has a specific
dependency on version 1\.2\.5\. So, that gets installed at [A]\. Since the
parent installation of blerg satisfies bar's dependency on \fBblerg@1\.x\fP,
it does not install another copy under [B]\.
.P
Bar [B] also has dependencies on baz and asdf, so those are installed in
bar's \fBnode_modules\fP folder\. Because it depends on \fBbaz@2\.x\fP, it cannot
re\-use the \fBbaz@1\.2\.3\fP installed in the parent \fBnode_modules\fP folder [D],
and must install its own copy [C]\.
.P
Underneath bar, the \fBbaz \-> quux \-> bar\fP dependency creates a cycle\.
However, because bar is already in quux's ancestry [B], it does not
unpack another copy of bar into that folder\.
.P
Underneath \fBfoo \-> baz\fP [D], quux's [E] folder tree is empty, because its
dependency on bar is satisfied by the parent folder copy installed at [B]\.
.P
For a graphical breakdown of what is installed where, use \fBnpm ls\fP\|\.
.SS Publishing
.P
Upon publishing, npm will look in the \fBnode_modules\fP folder\. If any of
the items there are not in the \fBbundledDependencies\fP array, then they will
not be included in the package tarball\.
.P
This allows a package maintainer to install all of their dependencies
(and dev dependencies) locally, but only re\-publish those items that
cannot be found elsewhere\. See npm help 5 \fBpackage\.json\fP for more information\.
.SH SEE ALSO
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
npm help 7 faq
.IP \(bu 2
npm help 5 package\.json
.IP \(bu 2
npm help install
.IP \(bu 2
npm help pack
.IP \(bu 2
npm help cache
.IP \(bu 2
npm help config
.IP \(bu 2
npm help 5 npmrc
.IP \(bu 2
npm help 7 config
.IP \(bu 2
npm help publish
.RE

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.TH "NPM\-FOLDERS" "5" "March 2017" "" ""
.SH "NAME"
\fBnpm-folders\fR \- Folder Structures Used by npm
.SH DESCRIPTION
.P
npm puts various things on your computer\. That's its job\.
.P
This document will tell you what it puts where\.
.SS tl;dr
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
Local install (default): puts stuff in \fB\|\./node_modules\fP of the current
package root\.
.IP \(bu 2
Global install (with \fB\-g\fP): puts stuff in /usr/local or wherever node
is installed\.
.IP \(bu 2
Install it \fBlocally\fR if you're going to \fBrequire()\fP it\.
.IP \(bu 2
Install it \fBglobally\fR if you're going to run it on the command line\.
.IP \(bu 2
If you need both, then install it in both places, or use \fBnpm link\fP\|\.
.RE
.SS prefix Configuration
.P
The \fBprefix\fP config defaults to the location where node is installed\.
On most systems, this is \fB/usr/local\fP\|\. On windows, this is the exact
location of the node\.exe binary\. On Unix systems, it's one level up,
since node is typically installed at \fB{prefix}/bin/node\fP rather than
\fB{prefix}/node\.exe\fP\|\.
.P
When the \fBglobal\fP flag is set, npm installs things into this prefix\.
When it is not set, it uses the root of the current package, or the
current working directory if not in a package already\.
.SS Node Modules
.P
Packages are dropped into the \fBnode_modules\fP folder under the \fBprefix\fP\|\.
When installing locally, this means that you can
\fBrequire("packagename")\fP to load its main module, or
\fBrequire("packagename/lib/path/to/sub/module")\fP to load other modules\.
.P
Global installs on Unix systems go to \fB{prefix}/lib/node_modules\fP\|\.
Global installs on Windows go to \fB{prefix}/node_modules\fP (that is, no
\fBlib\fP folder\.)
.P
Scoped packages are installed the same way, except they are grouped together
in a sub\-folder of the relevant \fBnode_modules\fP folder with the name of that
scope prefix by the @ symbol, e\.g\. \fBnpm install @myorg/package\fP would place
the package in \fB{prefix}/node_modules/@myorg/package\fP\|\. See npm help 7 \fBscope\fP for
more details\.
.P
If you wish to \fBrequire()\fP a package, then install it locally\.
.SS Executables
.P
When in global mode, executables are linked into \fB{prefix}/bin\fP on Unix,
or directly into \fB{prefix}\fP on Windows\.
.P
When in local mode, executables are linked into
\fB\|\./node_modules/\.bin\fP so that they can be made available to scripts run
through npm\. (For example, so that a test runner will be in the path
when you run \fBnpm test\fP\|\.)
.SS Man Pages
.P
When in global mode, man pages are linked into \fB{prefix}/share/man\fP\|\.
.P
When in local mode, man pages are not installed\.
.P
Man pages are not installed on Windows systems\.
.SS Cache
.P
See npm help \fBnpm\-cache\fP\|\. Cache files are stored in \fB~/\.npm\fP on Posix, or
\fB~/npm\-cache\fP on Windows\.
.P
This is controlled by the \fBcache\fP configuration param\.
.SS Temp Files
.P
Temporary files are stored by default in the folder specified by the
\fBtmp\fP config, which defaults to the TMPDIR, TMP, or TEMP environment
variables, or \fB/tmp\fP on Unix and \fBc:\\windows\\temp\fP on Windows\.
.P
Temp files are given a unique folder under this root for each run of the
program, and are deleted upon successful exit\.
.SH More Information
.P
When installing locally, npm first tries to find an appropriate
\fBprefix\fP folder\. This is so that \fBnpm install foo@1\.2\.3\fP will install
to the sensible root of your package, even if you happen to have \fBcd\fPed
into some other folder\.
.P
Starting at the $PWD, npm will walk up the folder tree checking for a
folder that contains either a \fBpackage\.json\fP file, or a \fBnode_modules\fP
folder\. If such a thing is found, then that is treated as the effective
"current directory" for the purpose of running npm commands\. (This
behavior is inspired by and similar to git's \.git\-folder seeking
logic when running git commands in a working dir\.)
.P
If no package root is found, then the current folder is used\.
.P
When you run \fBnpm install foo@1\.2\.3\fP, then the package is loaded into
the cache, and then unpacked into \fB\|\./node_modules/foo\fP\|\. Then, any of
foo's dependencies are similarly unpacked into
\fB\|\./node_modules/foo/node_modules/\.\.\.\fP\|\.
.P
Any bin files are symlinked to \fB\|\./node_modules/\.bin/\fP, so that they may
be found by npm scripts when necessary\.
.SS Global Installation
.P
If the \fBglobal\fP configuration is set to true, then npm will
install packages "globally"\.
.P
For global installation, packages are installed roughly the same way,
but using the folders described above\.
.SS Cycles, Conflicts, and Folder Parsimony
.P
Cycles are handled using the property of node's module system that it
walks up the directories looking for \fBnode_modules\fP folders\. So, at every
stage, if a package is already installed in an ancestor \fBnode_modules\fP
folder, then it is not installed at the current location\.
.P
Consider the case above, where \fBfoo \-> bar \-> baz\fP\|\. Imagine if, in
addition to that, baz depended on bar, so you'd have:
\fBfoo \-> bar \-> baz \-> bar \-> baz \.\.\.\fP\|\. However, since the folder
structure is: \fBfoo/node_modules/bar/node_modules/baz\fP, there's no need to
put another copy of bar into \fB\|\.\.\./baz/node_modules\fP, since when it calls
require("bar"), it will get the copy that is installed in
\fBfoo/node_modules/bar\fP\|\.
.P
This shortcut is only used if the exact same
version would be installed in multiple nested \fBnode_modules\fP folders\. It
is still possible to have \fBa/node_modules/b/node_modules/a\fP if the two
"a" packages are different versions\. However, without repeating the
exact same package multiple times, an infinite regress will always be
prevented\.
.P
Another optimization can be made by installing dependencies at the
highest level possible, below the localized "target" folder\.
.SS Example
.P
Consider this dependency graph:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
foo
+\-\- blerg@1\.2\.5
+\-\- bar@1\.2\.3
| +\-\- blerg@1\.x (latest=1\.3\.7)
| +\-\- baz@2\.x
| | `\-\- quux@3\.x
| | `\-\- bar@1\.2\.3 (cycle)
| `\-\- asdf@*
`\-\- baz@1\.2\.3
`\-\- quux@3\.x
`\-\- bar
.fi
.RE
.P
In this case, we might expect a folder structure like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
foo
+\-\- node_modules
+\-\- blerg (1\.2\.5) <\-\-\-[A]
+\-\- bar (1\.2\.3) <\-\-\-[B]
| `\-\- node_modules
| +\-\- baz (2\.0\.2) <\-\-\-[C]
| | `\-\- node_modules
| | `\-\- quux (3\.2\.0)
| `\-\- asdf (2\.3\.4)
`\-\- baz (1\.2\.3) <\-\-\-[D]
`\-\- node_modules
`\-\- quux (3\.2\.0) <\-\-\-[E]
.fi
.RE
.P
Since foo depends directly on \fBbar@1\.2\.3\fP and \fBbaz@1\.2\.3\fP, those are
installed in foo's \fBnode_modules\fP folder\.
.P
Even though the latest copy of blerg is 1\.3\.7, foo has a specific
dependency on version 1\.2\.5\. So, that gets installed at [A]\. Since the
parent installation of blerg satisfies bar's dependency on \fBblerg@1\.x\fP,
it does not install another copy under [B]\.
.P
Bar [B] also has dependencies on baz and asdf, so those are installed in
bar's \fBnode_modules\fP folder\. Because it depends on \fBbaz@2\.x\fP, it cannot
re\-use the \fBbaz@1\.2\.3\fP installed in the parent \fBnode_modules\fP folder [D],
and must install its own copy [C]\.
.P
Underneath bar, the \fBbaz \-> quux \-> bar\fP dependency creates a cycle\.
However, because bar is already in quux's ancestry [B], it does not
unpack another copy of bar into that folder\.
.P
Underneath \fBfoo \-> baz\fP [D], quux's [E] folder tree is empty, because its
dependency on bar is satisfied by the parent folder copy installed at [B]\.
.P
For a graphical breakdown of what is installed where, use \fBnpm ls\fP\|\.
.SS Publishing
.P
Upon publishing, npm will look in the \fBnode_modules\fP folder\. If any of
the items there are not in the \fBbundledDependencies\fP array, then they will
not be included in the package tarball\.
.P
This allows a package maintainer to install all of their dependencies
(and dev dependencies) locally, but only re\-publish those items that
cannot be found elsewhere\. See npm help 5 \fBpackage\.json\fP for more information\.
.SH SEE ALSO
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
npm help 7 faq
.IP \(bu 2
npm help 5 package\.json
.IP \(bu 2
npm help install
.IP \(bu 2
npm help pack
.IP \(bu 2
npm help cache
.IP \(bu 2
npm help config
.IP \(bu 2
npm help 5 npmrc
.IP \(bu 2
npm help 7 config
.IP \(bu 2
npm help publish
.RE

923
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.TH "PACKAGE\.JSON" "5" "March 2017" "" ""
.SH "NAME"
\fBpackage.json\fR \- Specifics of npm's package\.json handling
.SH DESCRIPTION
.P
This document is all you need to know about what's required in your package\.json
file\. It must be actual JSON, not just a JavaScript object literal\.
.P
A lot of the behavior described in this document is affected by the config
settings described in npm help 7 \fBnpm\-config\fP\|\.
.SH name
.P
The \fImost\fR important things in your package\.json are the name and version fields\.
Those are actually required, and your package won't install without
them\. The name and version together form an identifier that is assumed
to be completely unique\. Changes to the package should come along with
changes to the version\.
.P
The name is what your thing is called\.
.P
Some rules:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
The name must be less than or equal to 214 characters\. This includes the scope for
scoped packages\.
.IP \(bu 2
The name can't start with a dot or an underscore\.
.IP \(bu 2
New packages must not have uppercase letters in the name\.
.IP \(bu 2
The name ends up being part of a URL, an argument on the command line, and a
folder name\. Therefore, the name can't contain any non\-URL\-safe characters\.
.RE
.P
Some tips:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
Don't use the same name as a core Node module\.
.IP \(bu 2
Don't put "js" or "node" in the name\. It's assumed that it's js, since you're
writing a package\.json file, and you can specify the engine using the "engines"
field\. (See below\.)
.IP \(bu 2
The name will probably be passed as an argument to require(), so it should
be something short, but also reasonably descriptive\.
.IP \(bu 2
You may want to check the npm registry to see if there's something by that name
already, before you get too attached to it\. https://www\.npmjs\.com/
.RE
.P
A name can be optionally prefixed by a scope, e\.g\. \fB@myorg/mypackage\fP\|\. See
npm help 7 \fBnpm\-scope\fP for more detail\.
.SH version
.P
The \fImost\fR important things in your package\.json are the name and version fields\.
Those are actually required, and your package won't install without
them\. The name and version together form an identifier that is assumed
to be completely unique\. Changes to the package should come along with
changes to the version\.
.P
Version must be parseable by
node\-semver \fIhttps://github\.com/isaacs/node\-semver\fR, which is bundled
with npm as a dependency\. (\fBnpm install semver\fP to use it yourself\.)
.P
More on version numbers and ranges at npm help 7 semver\.
.SH description
.P
Put a description in it\. It's a string\. This helps people discover your
package, as it's listed in \fBnpm search\fP\|\.
.SH keywords
.P
Put keywords in it\. It's an array of strings\. This helps people
discover your package as it's listed in \fBnpm search\fP\|\.
.SH homepage
.P
The url to the project homepage\.
.P
\fBNOTE\fR: This is \fInot\fR the same as "url"\. If you put a "url" field,
then the registry will think it's a redirection to your package that has
been published somewhere else, and spit at you\.
.P
Literally\. Spit\. I'm so not kidding\.
.SH bugs
.P
The url to your project's issue tracker and / or the email address to which
issues should be reported\. These are helpful for people who encounter issues
with your package\.
.P
It should look like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "url" : "https://github\.com/owner/project/issues"
, "email" : "project@hostname\.com"
}
.fi
.RE
.P
You can specify either one or both values\. If you want to provide only a url,
you can specify the value for "bugs" as a simple string instead of an object\.
.P
If a url is provided, it will be used by the \fBnpm bugs\fP command\.
.SH license
.P
You should specify a license for your package so that people know how they are
permitted to use it, and any restrictions you're placing on it\.
.P
If you're using a common license such as BSD\-2\-Clause or MIT, add a
current SPDX license identifier for the license you're using, like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "license" : "BSD\-3\-Clause" }
.fi
.RE
.P
You can check the full list of SPDX license IDs \fIhttps://spdx\.org/licenses/\fR\|\.
Ideally you should pick one that is
OSI \fIhttps://opensource\.org/licenses/alphabetical\fR approved\.
.P
If your package is licensed under multiple common licenses, use an SPDX license
expression syntax version 2\.0 string \fIhttps://npmjs\.com/package/spdx\fR, like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "license" : "(ISC OR GPL\-3\.0)" }
.fi
.RE
.P
If you are using a license that hasn't been assigned an SPDX identifier, or if
you are using a custom license, use a string value like this one:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "license" : "SEE LICENSE IN <filename>" }
.fi
.RE
.P
Then include a file named \fB<filename>\fP at the top level of the package\.
.P
Some old packages used license objects or a "licenses" property containing an
array of license objects:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
// Not valid metadata
{ "license" :
{ "type" : "ISC"
, "url" : "http://opensource\.org/licenses/ISC"
}
}
// Not valid metadata
{ "licenses" :
[
{ "type": "MIT"
, "url": "http://www\.opensource\.org/licenses/mit\-license\.php"
}
, { "type": "Apache\-2\.0"
, "url": "http://opensource\.org/licenses/apache2\.0\.php"
}
]
}
.fi
.RE
.P
Those styles are now deprecated\. Instead, use SPDX expressions, like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "license": "ISC" }
{ "license": "(MIT OR Apache\-2\.0)" }
.fi
.RE
.P
Finally, if you do not wish to grant others the right to use a private or
unpublished package under any terms:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "license": "UNLICENSED"}
.fi
.RE
.P
Consider also setting \fB"private": true\fP to prevent accidental publication\.
.SH people fields: author, contributors
.P
The "author" is one person\. "contributors" is an array of people\. A "person"
is an object with a "name" field and optionally "url" and "email", like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "name" : "Barney Rubble"
, "email" : "b@rubble\.com"
, "url" : "http://barnyrubble\.tumblr\.com/"
}
.fi
.RE
.P
Or you can shorten that all into a single string, and npm will parse it for you:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
"Barney Rubble <b@rubble\.com> (http://barnyrubble\.tumblr\.com/)"
.fi
.RE
.P
Both email and url are optional either way\.
.P
npm also sets a top\-level "maintainers" field with your npm user info\.
.SH files
.P
The "files" field is an array of files to include in your project\. If
you name a folder in the array, then it will also include the files
inside that folder\. (Unless they would be ignored by another rule\.)
.P
You can also provide a "\.npmignore" file in the root of your package or
in subdirectories, which will keep files from being included, even
if they would be picked up by the files array\. The \fB\|\.npmignore\fP file
works just like a \fB\|\.gitignore\fP\|\.
.P
Certain files are always included, regardless of settings:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
\fBpackage\.json\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fBREADME\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fBCHANGES\fP / \fBCHANGELOG\fP / \fBHISTORY\fP (any casing and file extension)
.IP \(bu 2
\fBLICENSE\fP / \fBLICENCE\fP
.IP \(bu 2
The file in the "main" field
.RE
.P
Conversely, some files are always ignored:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\|\.git\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fBCVS\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\|\.svn\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\|\.hg\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\|\.lock\-wscript\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\|\.wafpickle\-N\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\|\.*\.swp\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\|\.DS_Store\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\|\._*\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fBnpm\-debug\.log\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\|\.npmrc\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fBnode_modules\fP
.RE
.SH main
.P
The main field is a module ID that is the primary entry point to your program\.
That is, if your package is named \fBfoo\fP, and a user installs it, and then does
\fBrequire("foo")\fP, then your main module's exports object will be returned\.
.P
This should be a module ID relative to the root of your package folder\.
.P
For most modules, it makes the most sense to have a main script and often not
much else\.
.SH bin
.P
A lot of packages have one or more executable files that they'd like to
install into the PATH\. npm makes this pretty easy (in fact, it uses this
feature to install the "npm" executable\.)
.P
To use this, supply a \fBbin\fP field in your package\.json which is a map of
command name to local file name\. On install, npm will symlink that file into
\fBprefix/bin\fP for global installs, or \fB\|\./node_modules/\.bin/\fP for local
installs\.
.P
For example, myapp could have this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "bin" : { "myapp" : "\./cli\.js" } }
.fi
.RE
.P
So, when you install myapp, it'll create a symlink from the \fBcli\.js\fP script to
\fB/usr/local/bin/myapp\fP\|\.
.P
If you have a single executable, and its name should be the name
of the package, then you can just supply it as a string\. For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "name": "my\-program"
, "version": "1\.2\.5"
, "bin": "\./path/to/program" }
.fi
.RE
.P
would be the same as this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "name": "my\-program"
, "version": "1\.2\.5"
, "bin" : { "my\-program" : "\./path/to/program" } }
.fi
.RE
.P
Please make sure that your file(s) referenced in \fBbin\fP starts with
\fB#!/usr/bin/env node\fP, otherwise the scripts are started without the node
executable!
.SH man
.P
Specify either a single file or an array of filenames to put in place for the
\fBman\fP program to find\.
.P
If only a single file is provided, then it's installed such that it is the
result from \fBman <pkgname>\fP, regardless of its actual filename\. For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "name" : "foo"
, "version" : "1\.2\.3"
, "description" : "A packaged foo fooer for fooing foos"
, "main" : "foo\.js"
, "man" : "\./man/doc\.1"
}
.fi
.RE
.P
would link the \fB\|\./man/doc\.1\fP file in such that it is the target for \fBman foo\fP
.P
If the filename doesn't start with the package name, then it's prefixed\.
So, this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "name" : "foo"
, "version" : "1\.2\.3"
, "description" : "A packaged foo fooer for fooing foos"
, "main" : "foo\.js"
, "man" : [ "\./man/foo\.1", "\./man/bar\.1" ]
}
.fi
.RE
.P
will create files to do \fBman foo\fP and \fBman foo\-bar\fP\|\.
.P
Man files must end with a number, and optionally a \fB\|\.gz\fP suffix if they are
compressed\. The number dictates which man section the file is installed into\.
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "name" : "foo"
, "version" : "1\.2\.3"
, "description" : "A packaged foo fooer for fooing foos"
, "main" : "foo\.js"
, "man" : [ "\./man/foo\.1", "\./man/foo\.2" ]
}
.fi
.RE
.P
will create entries for \fBman foo\fP and \fBman 2 foo\fP
.SH directories
.P
The CommonJS Packages \fIhttp://wiki\.commonjs\.org/wiki/Packages/1\.0\fR spec details a
few ways that you can indicate the structure of your package using a \fBdirectories\fP
object\. If you look at npm's package\.json \fIhttps://registry\.npmjs\.org/npm/latest\fR,
you'll see that it has directories for doc, lib, and man\.
.P
In the future, this information may be used in other creative ways\.
.SS directories\.lib
.P
Tell people where the bulk of your library is\. Nothing special is done
with the lib folder in any way, but it's useful meta info\.
.SS directories\.bin
.P
If you specify a \fBbin\fP directory in \fBdirectories\.bin\fP, all the files in
that folder will be added\.
.P
Because of the way the \fBbin\fP directive works, specifying both a
\fBbin\fP path and setting \fBdirectories\.bin\fP is an error\. If you want to
specify individual files, use \fBbin\fP, and for all the files in an
existing \fBbin\fP directory, use \fBdirectories\.bin\fP\|\.
.SS directories\.man
.P
A folder that is full of man pages\. Sugar to generate a "man" array by
walking the folder\.
.SS directories\.doc
.P
Put markdown files in here\. Eventually, these will be displayed nicely,
maybe, someday\.
.SS directories\.example
.P
Put example scripts in here\. Someday, it might be exposed in some clever way\.
.SS directories\.test
.P
Put your tests in here\. It is currently not exposed, but it might be in the
future\.
.SH repository
.P
Specify the place where your code lives\. This is helpful for people who
want to contribute\. If the git repo is on GitHub, then the \fBnpm docs\fP
command will be able to find you\.
.P
Do it like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
"repository" :
{ "type" : "git"
, "url" : "https://github\.com/npm/npm\.git"
}
"repository" :
{ "type" : "svn"
, "url" : "https://v8\.googlecode\.com/svn/trunk/"
}
.fi
.RE
.P
The URL should be a publicly available (perhaps read\-only) url that can be handed
directly to a VCS program without any modification\. It should not be a url to an
html project page that you put in your browser\. It's for computers\.
.P
For GitHub, GitHub gist, Bitbucket, or GitLab repositories you can use the same
shortcut syntax you use for \fBnpm install\fP:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
"repository": "npm/npm"
"repository": "gist:11081aaa281"
"repository": "bitbucket:example/repo"
"repository": "gitlab:another/repo"
.fi
.RE
.SH scripts
.P
The "scripts" property is a dictionary containing script commands that are run
at various times in the lifecycle of your package\. The key is the lifecycle
event, and the value is the command to run at that point\.
.P
See npm help 7 \fBnpm\-scripts\fP to find out more about writing package scripts\.
.SH config
.P
A "config" object can be used to set configuration parameters used in package
scripts that persist across upgrades\. For instance, if a package had the
following:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "name" : "foo"
, "config" : { "port" : "8080" } }
.fi
.RE
.P
and then had a "start" command that then referenced the
\fBnpm_package_config_port\fP environment variable, then the user could
override that by doing \fBnpm config set foo:port 8001\fP\|\.
.P
See npm help 7 \fBnpm\-config\fP and npm help 7 \fBnpm\-scripts\fP for more on package
configs\.
.SH dependencies
.P
Dependencies are specified in a simple object that maps a package name to a
version range\. The version range is a string which has one or more
space\-separated descriptors\. Dependencies can also be identified with a
tarball or git URL\.
.P
\fBPlease do not put test harnesses or transpilers in your
\fBdependencies\fP object\.\fR See \fBdevDependencies\fP, below\.
.P
See npm help 7 semver for more details about specifying version ranges\.
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
\fBversion\fP Must match \fBversion\fP exactly
.IP \(bu 2
\fB>version\fP Must be greater than \fBversion\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fB>=version\fP etc
.IP \(bu 2
\fB<version\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fB<=version\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fB~version\fP "Approximately equivalent to version" See npm help 7 semver
.IP \(bu 2
\fB^version\fP "Compatible with version" See npm help 7 semver
.IP \(bu 2
\fB1\.2\.x\fP 1\.2\.0, 1\.2\.1, etc\., but not 1\.3\.0
.IP \(bu 2
\fBhttp://\.\.\.\fP See 'URLs as Dependencies' below
.IP \(bu 2
\fB*\fP Matches any version
.IP \(bu 2
\fB""\fP (just an empty string) Same as \fB*\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fBversion1 \- version2\fP Same as \fB>=version1 <=version2\fP\|\.
.IP \(bu 2
\fBrange1 || range2\fP Passes if either range1 or range2 are satisfied\.
.IP \(bu 2
\fBgit\.\.\.\fP See 'Git URLs as Dependencies' below
.IP \(bu 2
\fBuser/repo\fP See 'GitHub URLs' below
.IP \(bu 2
\fBtag\fP A specific version tagged and published as \fBtag\fP See npm help \fBnpm\-tag\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fBpath/path/path\fP See Local Paths \fI#local\-paths\fR below
.RE
.P
For example, these are all valid:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "dependencies" :
{ "foo" : "1\.0\.0 \- 2\.9999\.9999"
, "bar" : ">=1\.0\.2 <2\.1\.2"
, "baz" : ">1\.0\.2 <=2\.3\.4"
, "boo" : "2\.0\.1"
, "qux" : "<1\.0\.0 || >=2\.3\.1 <2\.4\.5 || >=2\.5\.2 <3\.0\.0"
, "asd" : "http://asdf\.com/asdf\.tar\.gz"
, "til" : "~1\.2"
, "elf" : "~1\.2\.3"
, "two" : "2\.x"
, "thr" : "3\.3\.x"
, "lat" : "latest"
, "dyl" : "file:\.\./dyl"
}
}
.fi
.RE
.SS URLs as Dependencies
.P
You may specify a tarball URL in place of a version range\.
.P
This tarball will be downloaded and installed locally to your package at
install time\.
.SS Git URLs as Dependencies
.P
Git urls can be of the form:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
git://github\.com/user/project\.git#commit\-ish
git+ssh://user@hostname:project\.git#commit\-ish
git+ssh://user@hostname/project\.git#commit\-ish
git+http://user@hostname/project/blah\.git#commit\-ish
git+https://user@hostname/project/blah\.git#commit\-ish
.fi
.RE
.P
The \fBcommit\-ish\fP can be any tag, sha, or branch which can be supplied as
an argument to \fBgit checkout\fP\|\. The default is \fBmaster\fP\|\.
.SH GitHub URLs
.P
As of version 1\.1\.65, you can refer to GitHub urls as just "foo":
"user/foo\-project"\. Just as with git URLs, a \fBcommit\-ish\fP suffix can be
included\. For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
"name": "foo",
"version": "0\.0\.0",
"dependencies": {
"express": "visionmedia/express",
"mocha": "visionmedia/mocha#4727d357ea"
}
}
.fi
.RE
.SH Local Paths
.P
As of version 2\.0\.0 you can provide a path to a local directory that contains a
package\. Local paths can be saved using \fBnpm install \-\-save\fP, using any of
these forms:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
\|\.\./foo/bar
~/foo/bar
\|\./foo/bar
/foo/bar
.fi
.RE
.P
in which case they will be normalized to a relative path and added to your
\fBpackage\.json\fP\|\. For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
"name": "baz",
"dependencies": {
"bar": "file:\.\./foo/bar"
}
}
.fi
.RE
.P
This feature is helpful for local offline development and creating
tests that require npm installing where you don't want to hit an
external server, but should not be used when publishing packages
to the public registry\.
.SH devDependencies
.P
If someone is planning on downloading and using your module in their
program, then they probably don't want or need to download and build
the external test or documentation framework that you use\.
.P
In this case, it's best to map these additional items in a \fBdevDependencies\fP
object\.
.P
These things will be installed when doing \fBnpm link\fP or \fBnpm install\fP
from the root of a package, and can be managed like any other npm
configuration param\. See npm help 7 \fBnpm\-config\fP for more on the topic\.
.P
For build steps that are not platform\-specific, such as compiling
CoffeeScript or other languages to JavaScript, use the \fBprepublish\fP
script to do this, and make the required package a devDependency\.
.P
For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "name": "ethopia\-waza",
"description": "a delightfully fruity coffee varietal",
"version": "1\.2\.3",
"devDependencies": {
"coffee\-script": "~1\.6\.3"
},
"scripts": {
"prepublish": "coffee \-o lib/ \-c src/waza\.coffee"
},
"main": "lib/waza\.js"
}
.fi
.RE
.P
The \fBprepublish\fP script will be run before publishing, so that users
can consume the functionality without requiring them to compile it
themselves\. In dev mode (ie, locally running \fBnpm install\fP), it'll
run this script as well, so that you can test it easily\.
.SH peerDependencies
.P
In some cases, you want to express the compatibility of your package with a
host tool or library, while not necessarily doing a \fBrequire\fP of this host\.
This is usually referred to as a \fIplugin\fR\|\. Notably, your module may be exposing
a specific interface, expected and specified by the host documentation\.
.P
For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
"name": "tea\-latte",
"version": "1\.3\.5",
"peerDependencies": {
"tea": "2\.x"
}
}
.fi
.RE
.P
This ensures your package \fBtea\-latte\fP can be installed \fIalong\fR with the second
major version of the host package \fBtea\fP only\. \fBnpm install tea\-latte\fP could
possibly yield the following dependency graph:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
├── tea\-latte@1\.3\.5
└── tea@2\.2\.0
.fi
.RE
.P
\fBNOTE: npm versions 1 and 2 will automatically install \fBpeerDependencies\fP if
they are not explicitly depended upon higher in the dependency tree\. In the
next major version of npm (npm@3), this will no longer be the case\. You will
receive a warning that the peerDependency is not installed instead\.\fR The
behavior in npms 1 & 2 was frequently confusing and could easily put you into
dependency hell, a situation that npm is designed to avoid as much as possible\.
.P
Trying to install another plugin with a conflicting requirement will cause an
error\. For this reason, make sure your plugin requirement is as broad as
possible, and not to lock it down to specific patch versions\.
.P
Assuming the host complies with semver \fIhttp://semver\.org/\fR, only changes in
the host package's major version will break your plugin\. Thus, if you've worked
with every 1\.x version of the host package, use \fB"^1\.0"\fP or \fB"1\.x"\fP to express
this\. If you depend on features introduced in 1\.5\.2, use \fB">= 1\.5\.2 < 2"\fP\|\.
.SH bundledDependencies
.P
This defines an array of package names that will be bundled when publishing the package\.
.P
In cases where you need to preserve npm packages locally or have them available through a single file download, you can bundle the packages in a tarball file by specifying the package names in the \fBbundledDependencies\fP array and executing \fBnpm pack\fP\|\.
.P
For example:
If we define a package\.json like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
"name": "awesome\-web\-framework",
"version": "1\.0\.0",
"bundledDependencies": [
'renderized', 'super\-streams'
]
}
.fi
.RE
.P
we can obtain \fBawesome\-web\-framework\-1\.0\.0\.tgz\fP file by running \fBnpm pack\fP\|\. This file contains the dependencies \fBrenderized\fP and \fBsuper\-streams\fP which can be installed in a new project by executing \fBnpm install awesome\-web\-framework\-1\.0\.0\.tgz\fP\|\.
.P
If this is spelled \fB"bundleDependencies"\fP, then that is also honored\.
.SH optionalDependencies
.P
If a dependency can be used, but you would like npm to proceed if it cannot be
found or fails to install, then you may put it in the \fBoptionalDependencies\fP
object\. This is a map of package name to version or url, just like the
\fBdependencies\fP object\. The difference is that build failures do not cause
installation to fail\.
.P
It is still your program's responsibility to handle the lack of the
dependency\. For example, something like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
try {
var foo = require('foo')
var fooVersion = require('foo/package\.json')\.version
} catch (er) {
foo = null
}
if ( notGoodFooVersion(fooVersion) ) {
foo = null
}
// \.\. then later in your program \.\.
if (foo) {
foo\.doFooThings()
}
.fi
.RE
.P
Entries in \fBoptionalDependencies\fP will override entries of the same name in
\fBdependencies\fP, so it's usually best to only put in one place\.
.SH engines
.P
You can specify the version of node that your stuff works on:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "engines" : { "node" : ">=0\.10\.3 <0\.12" } }
.fi
.RE
.P
And, like with dependencies, if you don't specify the version (or if you
specify "*" as the version), then any version of node will do\.
.P
If you specify an "engines" field, then npm will require that "node" be
somewhere on that list\. If "engines" is omitted, then npm will just assume
that it works on node\.
.P
You can also use the "engines" field to specify which versions of npm
are capable of properly installing your program\. For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "engines" : { "npm" : "~1\.0\.20" } }
.fi
.RE
.P
Unless the user has set the \fBengine\-strict\fP config flag, this
field is advisory only will produce warnings when your package is installed as a dependency\.
.SH engineStrict
.P
\fBNOTE: This feature is deprecated and will be removed in npm 3\.0\.0\.\fR
.P
If you are sure that your module will \fIdefinitely not\fR run properly on
versions of Node/npm other than those specified in the \fBengines\fP object,
then you can set \fB"engineStrict": true\fP in your package\.json file\.
This will override the user's \fBengine\-strict\fP config setting\.
.P
Please do not do this unless you are really very very sure\. If your
engines object is something overly restrictive, you can quite easily and
inadvertently lock yourself into obscurity and prevent your users from
updating to new versions of Node\. Consider this choice carefully\.
.SH os
.P
You can specify which operating systems your
module will run on:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
"os" : [ "darwin", "linux" ]
.fi
.RE
.P
You can also blacklist instead of whitelist operating systems,
just prepend the blacklisted os with a '!':
.P
.RS 2
.nf
"os" : [ "!win32" ]
.fi
.RE
.P
The host operating system is determined by \fBprocess\.platform\fP
.P
It is allowed to both blacklist, and whitelist, although there isn't any
good reason to do this\.
.SH cpu
.P
If your code only runs on certain cpu architectures,
you can specify which ones\.
.P
.RS 2
.nf
"cpu" : [ "x64", "ia32" ]
.fi
.RE
.P
Like the \fBos\fP option, you can also blacklist architectures:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
"cpu" : [ "!arm", "!mips" ]
.fi
.RE
.P
The host architecture is determined by \fBprocess\.arch\fP
.SH preferGlobal
.P
If your package is primarily a command\-line application that should be
installed globally, then set this value to \fBtrue\fP to provide a warning
if it is installed locally\.
.P
It doesn't actually prevent users from installing it locally, but it
does help prevent some confusion if it doesn't work as expected\.
.SH private
.P
If you set \fB"private": true\fP in your package\.json, then npm will refuse
to publish it\.
.P
This is a way to prevent accidental publication of private repositories\. If
you would like to ensure that a given package is only ever published to a
specific registry (for example, an internal registry), then use the
\fBpublishConfig\fP dictionary described below to override the \fBregistry\fP config
param at publish\-time\.
.SH publishConfig
.P
This is a set of config values that will be used at publish\-time\. It's
especially handy if you want to set the tag, registry or access, so that
you can ensure that a given package is not tagged with "latest", published
to the global public registry or that a scoped module is private by default\.
.P
Any config values can be overridden, but of course only "tag", "registry" and
"access" probably matter for the purposes of publishing\.
.P
See npm help 7 \fBnpm\-config\fP to see the list of config options that can be
overridden\.
.SH DEFAULT VALUES
.P
npm will default some values based on package contents\.
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
\fB"scripts": {"start": "node server\.js"}\fP
If there is a \fBserver\.js\fP file in the root of your package, then npm
will default the \fBstart\fP command to \fBnode server\.js\fP\|\.
.IP \(bu 2
\fB"scripts":{"install": "node\-gyp rebuild"}\fP
If there is a \fBbinding\.gyp\fP file in the root of your package and you have not defined an \fBinstall\fP or \fBpreinstall\fP script, npm will
default the \fBinstall\fP command to compile using node\-gyp\.
.IP \(bu 2
\fB"contributors": [\.\.\.]\fP
If there is an \fBAUTHORS\fP file in the root of your package, npm will
treat each line as a \fBName <email> (url)\fP format, where email and url
are optional\. Lines which start with a \fB#\fP or are blank, will be
ignored\.
.RE
.SH SEE ALSO
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
npm help 7 semver
.IP \(bu 2
npm help init
.IP \(bu 2
npm help version
.IP \(bu 2
npm help config
.IP \(bu 2
npm help 7 config
.IP \(bu 2
npm help help
.IP \(bu 2
npm help 7 faq
.IP \(bu 2
npm help install
.IP \(bu 2
npm help publish
.IP \(bu 2
npm help uninstall
.RE

114
node_modules/npm/man/man5/npmrc.5 generated vendored Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
.TH "NPMRC" "5" "March 2017" "" ""
.SH "NAME"
\fBnpmrc\fR \- The npm config files
.SH DESCRIPTION
.P
npm gets its config settings from the command line, environment
variables, and \fBnpmrc\fP files\.
.P
The \fBnpm config\fP command can be used to update and edit the contents
of the user and global npmrc files\.
.P
For a list of available configuration options, see npm help 7 config\.
.SH FILES
.P
The four relevant files are:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
per\-project config file (/path/to/my/project/\.npmrc)
.IP \(bu 2
per\-user config file (~/\.npmrc)
.IP \(bu 2
global config file ($PREFIX/etc/npmrc)
.IP \(bu 2
npm builtin config file (/path/to/npm/npmrc)
.RE
.P
All npm config files are an ini\-formatted list of \fBkey = value\fP
parameters\. Environment variables can be replaced using
\fB${VARIABLE_NAME}\fP\|\. For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
prefix = ${HOME}/\.npm\-packages
.fi
.RE
.P
Each of these files is loaded, and config options are resolved in
priority order\. For example, a setting in the userconfig file would
override the setting in the globalconfig file\.
.P
Array values are specified by adding "[]" after the key name\. For
example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
key[] = "first value"
key[] = "second value"
.fi
.RE
.P
\fBNOTE:\fR Because local (per\-project or per\-user) \fB\|\.npmrc\fP files can contain
sensitive credentials, they must be readable and writable \fIonly\fR by your user
account (i\.e\. must have a mode of \fB0600\fP), otherwise they \fIwill be ignored by
npm!\fR
.SS Comments
.P
Lines in \fB\|\.npmrc\fP files are interpreted as comments when they begin with a \fB;\fP or \fB#\fP character\. \fB\|\.npmrc\fP files are parsed by npm/ini \fIhttps://github\.com/npm/ini\fR, which specifies this comment syntax\.
.P
For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
# last modified: 01 Jan 2016
; Set a new registry for a scoped package
@myscope:registry=https://mycustomregistry\.example\.org
.fi
.RE
.SS Per\-project config file
.P
When working locally in a project, a \fB\|\.npmrc\fP file in the root of the
project (ie, a sibling of \fBnode_modules\fP and \fBpackage\.json\fP) will set
config values specific to this project\.
.P
Note that this only applies to the root of the project that you're
running npm in\. It has no effect when your module is published\. For
example, you can't publish a module that forces itself to install
globally, or in a different location\.
.P
Additionally, this file is not read in global mode, such as when running
\fBnpm install \-g\fP\|\.
.SS Per\-user config file
.P
\fB$HOME/\.npmrc\fP (or the \fBuserconfig\fP param, if set in the environment
or on the command line)
.SS Global config file
.P
\fB$PREFIX/etc/npmrc\fP (or the \fBglobalconfig\fP param, if set above):
This file is an ini\-file formatted list of \fBkey = value\fP parameters\.
Environment variables can be replaced as above\.
.SS Built\-in config file
.P
\fBpath/to/npm/itself/npmrc\fP
.P
This is an unchangeable "builtin" configuration file that npm keeps
consistent across updates\. Set fields in here using the \fB\|\./configure\fP
script that comes with npm\. This is primarily for distribution
maintainers to override default configs in a standard and consistent
manner\.
.SH SEE ALSO
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
npm help 5 folders
.IP \(bu 2
npm help config
.IP \(bu 2
npm help 7 config
.IP \(bu 2
npm help 5 package\.json
.IP \(bu 2
npm help npm
.RE

923
node_modules/npm/man/man5/package.json.5 generated vendored Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,923 @@
.TH "PACKAGE\.JSON" "5" "March 2017" "" ""
.SH "NAME"
\fBpackage.json\fR \- Specifics of npm's package\.json handling
.SH DESCRIPTION
.P
This document is all you need to know about what's required in your package\.json
file\. It must be actual JSON, not just a JavaScript object literal\.
.P
A lot of the behavior described in this document is affected by the config
settings described in npm help 7 \fBnpm\-config\fP\|\.
.SH name
.P
The \fImost\fR important things in your package\.json are the name and version fields\.
Those are actually required, and your package won't install without
them\. The name and version together form an identifier that is assumed
to be completely unique\. Changes to the package should come along with
changes to the version\.
.P
The name is what your thing is called\.
.P
Some rules:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
The name must be less than or equal to 214 characters\. This includes the scope for
scoped packages\.
.IP \(bu 2
The name can't start with a dot or an underscore\.
.IP \(bu 2
New packages must not have uppercase letters in the name\.
.IP \(bu 2
The name ends up being part of a URL, an argument on the command line, and a
folder name\. Therefore, the name can't contain any non\-URL\-safe characters\.
.RE
.P
Some tips:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
Don't use the same name as a core Node module\.
.IP \(bu 2
Don't put "js" or "node" in the name\. It's assumed that it's js, since you're
writing a package\.json file, and you can specify the engine using the "engines"
field\. (See below\.)
.IP \(bu 2
The name will probably be passed as an argument to require(), so it should
be something short, but also reasonably descriptive\.
.IP \(bu 2
You may want to check the npm registry to see if there's something by that name
already, before you get too attached to it\. https://www\.npmjs\.com/
.RE
.P
A name can be optionally prefixed by a scope, e\.g\. \fB@myorg/mypackage\fP\|\. See
npm help 7 \fBnpm\-scope\fP for more detail\.
.SH version
.P
The \fImost\fR important things in your package\.json are the name and version fields\.
Those are actually required, and your package won't install without
them\. The name and version together form an identifier that is assumed
to be completely unique\. Changes to the package should come along with
changes to the version\.
.P
Version must be parseable by
node\-semver \fIhttps://github\.com/isaacs/node\-semver\fR, which is bundled
with npm as a dependency\. (\fBnpm install semver\fP to use it yourself\.)
.P
More on version numbers and ranges at npm help 7 semver\.
.SH description
.P
Put a description in it\. It's a string\. This helps people discover your
package, as it's listed in \fBnpm search\fP\|\.
.SH keywords
.P
Put keywords in it\. It's an array of strings\. This helps people
discover your package as it's listed in \fBnpm search\fP\|\.
.SH homepage
.P
The url to the project homepage\.
.P
\fBNOTE\fR: This is \fInot\fR the same as "url"\. If you put a "url" field,
then the registry will think it's a redirection to your package that has
been published somewhere else, and spit at you\.
.P
Literally\. Spit\. I'm so not kidding\.
.SH bugs
.P
The url to your project's issue tracker and / or the email address to which
issues should be reported\. These are helpful for people who encounter issues
with your package\.
.P
It should look like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "url" : "https://github\.com/owner/project/issues"
, "email" : "project@hostname\.com"
}
.fi
.RE
.P
You can specify either one or both values\. If you want to provide only a url,
you can specify the value for "bugs" as a simple string instead of an object\.
.P
If a url is provided, it will be used by the \fBnpm bugs\fP command\.
.SH license
.P
You should specify a license for your package so that people know how they are
permitted to use it, and any restrictions you're placing on it\.
.P
If you're using a common license such as BSD\-2\-Clause or MIT, add a
current SPDX license identifier for the license you're using, like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "license" : "BSD\-3\-Clause" }
.fi
.RE
.P
You can check the full list of SPDX license IDs \fIhttps://spdx\.org/licenses/\fR\|\.
Ideally you should pick one that is
OSI \fIhttps://opensource\.org/licenses/alphabetical\fR approved\.
.P
If your package is licensed under multiple common licenses, use an SPDX license
expression syntax version 2\.0 string \fIhttps://npmjs\.com/package/spdx\fR, like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "license" : "(ISC OR GPL\-3\.0)" }
.fi
.RE
.P
If you are using a license that hasn't been assigned an SPDX identifier, or if
you are using a custom license, use a string value like this one:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "license" : "SEE LICENSE IN <filename>" }
.fi
.RE
.P
Then include a file named \fB<filename>\fP at the top level of the package\.
.P
Some old packages used license objects or a "licenses" property containing an
array of license objects:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
// Not valid metadata
{ "license" :
{ "type" : "ISC"
, "url" : "http://opensource\.org/licenses/ISC"
}
}
// Not valid metadata
{ "licenses" :
[
{ "type": "MIT"
, "url": "http://www\.opensource\.org/licenses/mit\-license\.php"
}
, { "type": "Apache\-2\.0"
, "url": "http://opensource\.org/licenses/apache2\.0\.php"
}
]
}
.fi
.RE
.P
Those styles are now deprecated\. Instead, use SPDX expressions, like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "license": "ISC" }
{ "license": "(MIT OR Apache\-2\.0)" }
.fi
.RE
.P
Finally, if you do not wish to grant others the right to use a private or
unpublished package under any terms:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "license": "UNLICENSED"}
.fi
.RE
.P
Consider also setting \fB"private": true\fP to prevent accidental publication\.
.SH people fields: author, contributors
.P
The "author" is one person\. "contributors" is an array of people\. A "person"
is an object with a "name" field and optionally "url" and "email", like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "name" : "Barney Rubble"
, "email" : "b@rubble\.com"
, "url" : "http://barnyrubble\.tumblr\.com/"
}
.fi
.RE
.P
Or you can shorten that all into a single string, and npm will parse it for you:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
"Barney Rubble <b@rubble\.com> (http://barnyrubble\.tumblr\.com/)"
.fi
.RE
.P
Both email and url are optional either way\.
.P
npm also sets a top\-level "maintainers" field with your npm user info\.
.SH files
.P
The "files" field is an array of files to include in your project\. If
you name a folder in the array, then it will also include the files
inside that folder\. (Unless they would be ignored by another rule\.)
.P
You can also provide a "\.npmignore" file in the root of your package or
in subdirectories, which will keep files from being included, even
if they would be picked up by the files array\. The \fB\|\.npmignore\fP file
works just like a \fB\|\.gitignore\fP\|\.
.P
Certain files are always included, regardless of settings:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
\fBpackage\.json\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fBREADME\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fBCHANGES\fP / \fBCHANGELOG\fP / \fBHISTORY\fP (any casing and file extension)
.IP \(bu 2
\fBLICENSE\fP / \fBLICENCE\fP
.IP \(bu 2
The file in the "main" field
.RE
.P
Conversely, some files are always ignored:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\|\.git\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fBCVS\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\|\.svn\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\|\.hg\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\|\.lock\-wscript\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\|\.wafpickle\-N\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\|\.*\.swp\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\|\.DS_Store\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\|\._*\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fBnpm\-debug\.log\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\|\.npmrc\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fBnode_modules\fP
.RE
.SH main
.P
The main field is a module ID that is the primary entry point to your program\.
That is, if your package is named \fBfoo\fP, and a user installs it, and then does
\fBrequire("foo")\fP, then your main module's exports object will be returned\.
.P
This should be a module ID relative to the root of your package folder\.
.P
For most modules, it makes the most sense to have a main script and often not
much else\.
.SH bin
.P
A lot of packages have one or more executable files that they'd like to
install into the PATH\. npm makes this pretty easy (in fact, it uses this
feature to install the "npm" executable\.)
.P
To use this, supply a \fBbin\fP field in your package\.json which is a map of
command name to local file name\. On install, npm will symlink that file into
\fBprefix/bin\fP for global installs, or \fB\|\./node_modules/\.bin/\fP for local
installs\.
.P
For example, myapp could have this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "bin" : { "myapp" : "\./cli\.js" } }
.fi
.RE
.P
So, when you install myapp, it'll create a symlink from the \fBcli\.js\fP script to
\fB/usr/local/bin/myapp\fP\|\.
.P
If you have a single executable, and its name should be the name
of the package, then you can just supply it as a string\. For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "name": "my\-program"
, "version": "1\.2\.5"
, "bin": "\./path/to/program" }
.fi
.RE
.P
would be the same as this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "name": "my\-program"
, "version": "1\.2\.5"
, "bin" : { "my\-program" : "\./path/to/program" } }
.fi
.RE
.P
Please make sure that your file(s) referenced in \fBbin\fP starts with
\fB#!/usr/bin/env node\fP, otherwise the scripts are started without the node
executable!
.SH man
.P
Specify either a single file or an array of filenames to put in place for the
\fBman\fP program to find\.
.P
If only a single file is provided, then it's installed such that it is the
result from \fBman <pkgname>\fP, regardless of its actual filename\. For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "name" : "foo"
, "version" : "1\.2\.3"
, "description" : "A packaged foo fooer for fooing foos"
, "main" : "foo\.js"
, "man" : "\./man/doc\.1"
}
.fi
.RE
.P
would link the \fB\|\./man/doc\.1\fP file in such that it is the target for \fBman foo\fP
.P
If the filename doesn't start with the package name, then it's prefixed\.
So, this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "name" : "foo"
, "version" : "1\.2\.3"
, "description" : "A packaged foo fooer for fooing foos"
, "main" : "foo\.js"
, "man" : [ "\./man/foo\.1", "\./man/bar\.1" ]
}
.fi
.RE
.P
will create files to do \fBman foo\fP and \fBman foo\-bar\fP\|\.
.P
Man files must end with a number, and optionally a \fB\|\.gz\fP suffix if they are
compressed\. The number dictates which man section the file is installed into\.
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "name" : "foo"
, "version" : "1\.2\.3"
, "description" : "A packaged foo fooer for fooing foos"
, "main" : "foo\.js"
, "man" : [ "\./man/foo\.1", "\./man/foo\.2" ]
}
.fi
.RE
.P
will create entries for \fBman foo\fP and \fBman 2 foo\fP
.SH directories
.P
The CommonJS Packages \fIhttp://wiki\.commonjs\.org/wiki/Packages/1\.0\fR spec details a
few ways that you can indicate the structure of your package using a \fBdirectories\fP
object\. If you look at npm's package\.json \fIhttps://registry\.npmjs\.org/npm/latest\fR,
you'll see that it has directories for doc, lib, and man\.
.P
In the future, this information may be used in other creative ways\.
.SS directories\.lib
.P
Tell people where the bulk of your library is\. Nothing special is done
with the lib folder in any way, but it's useful meta info\.
.SS directories\.bin
.P
If you specify a \fBbin\fP directory in \fBdirectories\.bin\fP, all the files in
that folder will be added\.
.P
Because of the way the \fBbin\fP directive works, specifying both a
\fBbin\fP path and setting \fBdirectories\.bin\fP is an error\. If you want to
specify individual files, use \fBbin\fP, and for all the files in an
existing \fBbin\fP directory, use \fBdirectories\.bin\fP\|\.
.SS directories\.man
.P
A folder that is full of man pages\. Sugar to generate a "man" array by
walking the folder\.
.SS directories\.doc
.P
Put markdown files in here\. Eventually, these will be displayed nicely,
maybe, someday\.
.SS directories\.example
.P
Put example scripts in here\. Someday, it might be exposed in some clever way\.
.SS directories\.test
.P
Put your tests in here\. It is currently not exposed, but it might be in the
future\.
.SH repository
.P
Specify the place where your code lives\. This is helpful for people who
want to contribute\. If the git repo is on GitHub, then the \fBnpm docs\fP
command will be able to find you\.
.P
Do it like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
"repository" :
{ "type" : "git"
, "url" : "https://github\.com/npm/npm\.git"
}
"repository" :
{ "type" : "svn"
, "url" : "https://v8\.googlecode\.com/svn/trunk/"
}
.fi
.RE
.P
The URL should be a publicly available (perhaps read\-only) url that can be handed
directly to a VCS program without any modification\. It should not be a url to an
html project page that you put in your browser\. It's for computers\.
.P
For GitHub, GitHub gist, Bitbucket, or GitLab repositories you can use the same
shortcut syntax you use for \fBnpm install\fP:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
"repository": "npm/npm"
"repository": "gist:11081aaa281"
"repository": "bitbucket:example/repo"
"repository": "gitlab:another/repo"
.fi
.RE
.SH scripts
.P
The "scripts" property is a dictionary containing script commands that are run
at various times in the lifecycle of your package\. The key is the lifecycle
event, and the value is the command to run at that point\.
.P
See npm help 7 \fBnpm\-scripts\fP to find out more about writing package scripts\.
.SH config
.P
A "config" object can be used to set configuration parameters used in package
scripts that persist across upgrades\. For instance, if a package had the
following:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "name" : "foo"
, "config" : { "port" : "8080" } }
.fi
.RE
.P
and then had a "start" command that then referenced the
\fBnpm_package_config_port\fP environment variable, then the user could
override that by doing \fBnpm config set foo:port 8001\fP\|\.
.P
See npm help 7 \fBnpm\-config\fP and npm help 7 \fBnpm\-scripts\fP for more on package
configs\.
.SH dependencies
.P
Dependencies are specified in a simple object that maps a package name to a
version range\. The version range is a string which has one or more
space\-separated descriptors\. Dependencies can also be identified with a
tarball or git URL\.
.P
\fBPlease do not put test harnesses or transpilers in your
\fBdependencies\fP object\.\fR See \fBdevDependencies\fP, below\.
.P
See npm help 7 semver for more details about specifying version ranges\.
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
\fBversion\fP Must match \fBversion\fP exactly
.IP \(bu 2
\fB>version\fP Must be greater than \fBversion\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fB>=version\fP etc
.IP \(bu 2
\fB<version\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fB<=version\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fB~version\fP "Approximately equivalent to version" See npm help 7 semver
.IP \(bu 2
\fB^version\fP "Compatible with version" See npm help 7 semver
.IP \(bu 2
\fB1\.2\.x\fP 1\.2\.0, 1\.2\.1, etc\., but not 1\.3\.0
.IP \(bu 2
\fBhttp://\.\.\.\fP See 'URLs as Dependencies' below
.IP \(bu 2
\fB*\fP Matches any version
.IP \(bu 2
\fB""\fP (just an empty string) Same as \fB*\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fBversion1 \- version2\fP Same as \fB>=version1 <=version2\fP\|\.
.IP \(bu 2
\fBrange1 || range2\fP Passes if either range1 or range2 are satisfied\.
.IP \(bu 2
\fBgit\.\.\.\fP See 'Git URLs as Dependencies' below
.IP \(bu 2
\fBuser/repo\fP See 'GitHub URLs' below
.IP \(bu 2
\fBtag\fP A specific version tagged and published as \fBtag\fP See npm help \fBnpm\-tag\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fBpath/path/path\fP See Local Paths \fI#local\-paths\fR below
.RE
.P
For example, these are all valid:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "dependencies" :
{ "foo" : "1\.0\.0 \- 2\.9999\.9999"
, "bar" : ">=1\.0\.2 <2\.1\.2"
, "baz" : ">1\.0\.2 <=2\.3\.4"
, "boo" : "2\.0\.1"
, "qux" : "<1\.0\.0 || >=2\.3\.1 <2\.4\.5 || >=2\.5\.2 <3\.0\.0"
, "asd" : "http://asdf\.com/asdf\.tar\.gz"
, "til" : "~1\.2"
, "elf" : "~1\.2\.3"
, "two" : "2\.x"
, "thr" : "3\.3\.x"
, "lat" : "latest"
, "dyl" : "file:\.\./dyl"
}
}
.fi
.RE
.SS URLs as Dependencies
.P
You may specify a tarball URL in place of a version range\.
.P
This tarball will be downloaded and installed locally to your package at
install time\.
.SS Git URLs as Dependencies
.P
Git urls can be of the form:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
git://github\.com/user/project\.git#commit\-ish
git+ssh://user@hostname:project\.git#commit\-ish
git+ssh://user@hostname/project\.git#commit\-ish
git+http://user@hostname/project/blah\.git#commit\-ish
git+https://user@hostname/project/blah\.git#commit\-ish
.fi
.RE
.P
The \fBcommit\-ish\fP can be any tag, sha, or branch which can be supplied as
an argument to \fBgit checkout\fP\|\. The default is \fBmaster\fP\|\.
.SH GitHub URLs
.P
As of version 1\.1\.65, you can refer to GitHub urls as just "foo":
"user/foo\-project"\. Just as with git URLs, a \fBcommit\-ish\fP suffix can be
included\. For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
"name": "foo",
"version": "0\.0\.0",
"dependencies": {
"express": "visionmedia/express",
"mocha": "visionmedia/mocha#4727d357ea"
}
}
.fi
.RE
.SH Local Paths
.P
As of version 2\.0\.0 you can provide a path to a local directory that contains a
package\. Local paths can be saved using \fBnpm install \-\-save\fP, using any of
these forms:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
\|\.\./foo/bar
~/foo/bar
\|\./foo/bar
/foo/bar
.fi
.RE
.P
in which case they will be normalized to a relative path and added to your
\fBpackage\.json\fP\|\. For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
"name": "baz",
"dependencies": {
"bar": "file:\.\./foo/bar"
}
}
.fi
.RE
.P
This feature is helpful for local offline development and creating
tests that require npm installing where you don't want to hit an
external server, but should not be used when publishing packages
to the public registry\.
.SH devDependencies
.P
If someone is planning on downloading and using your module in their
program, then they probably don't want or need to download and build
the external test or documentation framework that you use\.
.P
In this case, it's best to map these additional items in a \fBdevDependencies\fP
object\.
.P
These things will be installed when doing \fBnpm link\fP or \fBnpm install\fP
from the root of a package, and can be managed like any other npm
configuration param\. See npm help 7 \fBnpm\-config\fP for more on the topic\.
.P
For build steps that are not platform\-specific, such as compiling
CoffeeScript or other languages to JavaScript, use the \fBprepublish\fP
script to do this, and make the required package a devDependency\.
.P
For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "name": "ethopia\-waza",
"description": "a delightfully fruity coffee varietal",
"version": "1\.2\.3",
"devDependencies": {
"coffee\-script": "~1\.6\.3"
},
"scripts": {
"prepublish": "coffee \-o lib/ \-c src/waza\.coffee"
},
"main": "lib/waza\.js"
}
.fi
.RE
.P
The \fBprepublish\fP script will be run before publishing, so that users
can consume the functionality without requiring them to compile it
themselves\. In dev mode (ie, locally running \fBnpm install\fP), it'll
run this script as well, so that you can test it easily\.
.SH peerDependencies
.P
In some cases, you want to express the compatibility of your package with a
host tool or library, while not necessarily doing a \fBrequire\fP of this host\.
This is usually referred to as a \fIplugin\fR\|\. Notably, your module may be exposing
a specific interface, expected and specified by the host documentation\.
.P
For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
"name": "tea\-latte",
"version": "1\.3\.5",
"peerDependencies": {
"tea": "2\.x"
}
}
.fi
.RE
.P
This ensures your package \fBtea\-latte\fP can be installed \fIalong\fR with the second
major version of the host package \fBtea\fP only\. \fBnpm install tea\-latte\fP could
possibly yield the following dependency graph:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
├── tea\-latte@1\.3\.5
└── tea@2\.2\.0
.fi
.RE
.P
\fBNOTE: npm versions 1 and 2 will automatically install \fBpeerDependencies\fP if
they are not explicitly depended upon higher in the dependency tree\. In the
next major version of npm (npm@3), this will no longer be the case\. You will
receive a warning that the peerDependency is not installed instead\.\fR The
behavior in npms 1 & 2 was frequently confusing and could easily put you into
dependency hell, a situation that npm is designed to avoid as much as possible\.
.P
Trying to install another plugin with a conflicting requirement will cause an
error\. For this reason, make sure your plugin requirement is as broad as
possible, and not to lock it down to specific patch versions\.
.P
Assuming the host complies with semver \fIhttp://semver\.org/\fR, only changes in
the host package's major version will break your plugin\. Thus, if you've worked
with every 1\.x version of the host package, use \fB"^1\.0"\fP or \fB"1\.x"\fP to express
this\. If you depend on features introduced in 1\.5\.2, use \fB">= 1\.5\.2 < 2"\fP\|\.
.SH bundledDependencies
.P
This defines an array of package names that will be bundled when publishing the package\.
.P
In cases where you need to preserve npm packages locally or have them available through a single file download, you can bundle the packages in a tarball file by specifying the package names in the \fBbundledDependencies\fP array and executing \fBnpm pack\fP\|\.
.P
For example:
If we define a package\.json like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{
"name": "awesome\-web\-framework",
"version": "1\.0\.0",
"bundledDependencies": [
'renderized', 'super\-streams'
]
}
.fi
.RE
.P
we can obtain \fBawesome\-web\-framework\-1\.0\.0\.tgz\fP file by running \fBnpm pack\fP\|\. This file contains the dependencies \fBrenderized\fP and \fBsuper\-streams\fP which can be installed in a new project by executing \fBnpm install awesome\-web\-framework\-1\.0\.0\.tgz\fP\|\.
.P
If this is spelled \fB"bundleDependencies"\fP, then that is also honored\.
.SH optionalDependencies
.P
If a dependency can be used, but you would like npm to proceed if it cannot be
found or fails to install, then you may put it in the \fBoptionalDependencies\fP
object\. This is a map of package name to version or url, just like the
\fBdependencies\fP object\. The difference is that build failures do not cause
installation to fail\.
.P
It is still your program's responsibility to handle the lack of the
dependency\. For example, something like this:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
try {
var foo = require('foo')
var fooVersion = require('foo/package\.json')\.version
} catch (er) {
foo = null
}
if ( notGoodFooVersion(fooVersion) ) {
foo = null
}
// \.\. then later in your program \.\.
if (foo) {
foo\.doFooThings()
}
.fi
.RE
.P
Entries in \fBoptionalDependencies\fP will override entries of the same name in
\fBdependencies\fP, so it's usually best to only put in one place\.
.SH engines
.P
You can specify the version of node that your stuff works on:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "engines" : { "node" : ">=0\.10\.3 <0\.12" } }
.fi
.RE
.P
And, like with dependencies, if you don't specify the version (or if you
specify "*" as the version), then any version of node will do\.
.P
If you specify an "engines" field, then npm will require that "node" be
somewhere on that list\. If "engines" is omitted, then npm will just assume
that it works on node\.
.P
You can also use the "engines" field to specify which versions of npm
are capable of properly installing your program\. For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
{ "engines" : { "npm" : "~1\.0\.20" } }
.fi
.RE
.P
Unless the user has set the \fBengine\-strict\fP config flag, this
field is advisory only will produce warnings when your package is installed as a dependency\.
.SH engineStrict
.P
\fBNOTE: This feature is deprecated and will be removed in npm 3\.0\.0\.\fR
.P
If you are sure that your module will \fIdefinitely not\fR run properly on
versions of Node/npm other than those specified in the \fBengines\fP object,
then you can set \fB"engineStrict": true\fP in your package\.json file\.
This will override the user's \fBengine\-strict\fP config setting\.
.P
Please do not do this unless you are really very very sure\. If your
engines object is something overly restrictive, you can quite easily and
inadvertently lock yourself into obscurity and prevent your users from
updating to new versions of Node\. Consider this choice carefully\.
.SH os
.P
You can specify which operating systems your
module will run on:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
"os" : [ "darwin", "linux" ]
.fi
.RE
.P
You can also blacklist instead of whitelist operating systems,
just prepend the blacklisted os with a '!':
.P
.RS 2
.nf
"os" : [ "!win32" ]
.fi
.RE
.P
The host operating system is determined by \fBprocess\.platform\fP
.P
It is allowed to both blacklist, and whitelist, although there isn't any
good reason to do this\.
.SH cpu
.P
If your code only runs on certain cpu architectures,
you can specify which ones\.
.P
.RS 2
.nf
"cpu" : [ "x64", "ia32" ]
.fi
.RE
.P
Like the \fBos\fP option, you can also blacklist architectures:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
"cpu" : [ "!arm", "!mips" ]
.fi
.RE
.P
The host architecture is determined by \fBprocess\.arch\fP
.SH preferGlobal
.P
If your package is primarily a command\-line application that should be
installed globally, then set this value to \fBtrue\fP to provide a warning
if it is installed locally\.
.P
It doesn't actually prevent users from installing it locally, but it
does help prevent some confusion if it doesn't work as expected\.
.SH private
.P
If you set \fB"private": true\fP in your package\.json, then npm will refuse
to publish it\.
.P
This is a way to prevent accidental publication of private repositories\. If
you would like to ensure that a given package is only ever published to a
specific registry (for example, an internal registry), then use the
\fBpublishConfig\fP dictionary described below to override the \fBregistry\fP config
param at publish\-time\.
.SH publishConfig
.P
This is a set of config values that will be used at publish\-time\. It's
especially handy if you want to set the tag, registry or access, so that
you can ensure that a given package is not tagged with "latest", published
to the global public registry or that a scoped module is private by default\.
.P
Any config values can be overridden, but of course only "tag", "registry" and
"access" probably matter for the purposes of publishing\.
.P
See npm help 7 \fBnpm\-config\fP to see the list of config options that can be
overridden\.
.SH DEFAULT VALUES
.P
npm will default some values based on package contents\.
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
\fB"scripts": {"start": "node server\.js"}\fP
If there is a \fBserver\.js\fP file in the root of your package, then npm
will default the \fBstart\fP command to \fBnode server\.js\fP\|\.
.IP \(bu 2
\fB"scripts":{"install": "node\-gyp rebuild"}\fP
If there is a \fBbinding\.gyp\fP file in the root of your package and you have not defined an \fBinstall\fP or \fBpreinstall\fP script, npm will
default the \fBinstall\fP command to compile using node\-gyp\.
.IP \(bu 2
\fB"contributors": [\.\.\.]\fP
If there is an \fBAUTHORS\fP file in the root of your package, npm will
treat each line as a \fBName <email> (url)\fP format, where email and url
are optional\. Lines which start with a \fB#\fP or are blank, will be
ignored\.
.RE
.SH SEE ALSO
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
npm help 7 semver
.IP \(bu 2
npm help init
.IP \(bu 2
npm help version
.IP \(bu 2
npm help config
.IP \(bu 2
npm help 7 config
.IP \(bu 2
npm help help
.IP \(bu 2
npm help 7 faq
.IP \(bu 2
npm help install
.IP \(bu 2
npm help publish
.IP \(bu 2
npm help uninstall
.RE