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node_modules/npm/man/man7/npm-coding-style.7

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+.TH "NPM\-CODING\-STYLE" "7" "March 2017" "" ""
+.SH "NAME"
+\fBnpm-coding-style\fR \- npm's "funny" coding style
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.P
+npm's coding style is a bit unconventional\.  It is not different for
+difference's sake, but rather a carefully crafted style that is
+designed to reduce visual clutter and make bugs more apparent\.
+.P
+If you want to contribute to npm (which is very encouraged), you should
+make your code conform to npm's style\.
+.P
+Note: this concerns npm's code not the specific packages that you can download from the npm registry\.
+.SH Line Length
+.P
+Keep lines shorter than 80 characters\.  It's better for lines to be
+too short than to be too long\.  Break up long lists, objects, and other
+statements onto multiple lines\.
+.SH Indentation
+.P
+Two\-spaces\.  Tabs are better, but they look like hell in web browsers
+(and on GitHub), and node uses 2 spaces, so that's that\.
+.P
+Configure your editor appropriately\.
+.SH Curly braces
+.P
+Curly braces belong on the same line as the thing that necessitates them\.
+.P
+Bad:
+.P
+.RS 2
+.nf
+function ()
+{
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+Good:
+.P
+.RS 2
+.nf
+function () {
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+If a block needs to wrap to the next line, use a curly brace\.  Don't
+use it if it doesn't\.
+.P
+Bad:
+.P
+.RS 2
+.nf
+if (foo) { bar() }
+while (foo)
+  bar()
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+Good:
+.P
+.RS 2
+.nf
+if (foo) bar()
+while (foo) {
+  bar()
+}
+.fi
+.RE
+.SH Semicolons
+.P
+Don't use them except in four situations:
+.RS 0
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fBfor (;;)\fP loops\.  They're actually required\.
+.IP \(bu 2
+null loops like: \fBwhile (something) ;\fP (But you'd better have a good
+reason for doing that\.)
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fBcase "foo": doSomething(); break\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+In front of a leading \fB(\fP or \fB[\fP at the start of the line\.
+This prevents the expression from being interpreted
+as a function call or property access, respectively\.
+
+.RE
+.P
+Some examples of good semicolon usage:
+.P
+.RS 2
+.nf
+;(x || y)\.doSomething()
+;[a, b, c]\.forEach(doSomething)
+for (var i = 0; i < 10; i ++) {
+  switch (state) {
+    case "begin": start(); continue
+    case "end": finish(); break
+    default: throw new Error("unknown state")
+  }
+  end()
+}
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+Note that starting lines with \fB\-\fP and \fB+\fP also should be prefixed
+with a semicolon, but this is much less common\.
+.SH Comma First
+.P
+If there is a list of things separated by commas, and it wraps
+across multiple lines, put the comma at the start of the next
+line, directly below the token that starts the list\.  Put the
+final token in the list on a line by itself\.  For example:
+.P
+.RS 2
+.nf
+var magicWords = [ "abracadabra"
+                 , "gesundheit"
+                 , "ventrilo"
+                 ]
+  , spells = { "fireball" : function () { setOnFire() }
+             , "water" : function () { putOut() }
+             }
+  , a = 1
+  , b = "abc"
+  , etc
+  , somethingElse
+.fi
+.RE
+.SH Whitespace
+.P
+Put a single space in front of ( for anything other than a function call\.
+Also use a single space wherever it makes things more readable\.
+.P
+Don't leave trailing whitespace at the end of lines\.  Don't indent empty
+lines\.  Don't use more spaces than are helpful\.
+.SH Functions
+.P
+Use named functions\.  They make stack traces a lot easier to read\.
+.SH Callbacks, Sync/async Style
+.P
+Use the asynchronous/non\-blocking versions of things as much as possible\.
+It might make more sense for npm to use the synchronous fs APIs, but this
+way, the fs and http and child process stuff all uses the same callback\-passing
+methodology\.
+.P
+The callback should always be the last argument in the list\.  Its first
+argument is the Error or null\.
+.P
+Be very careful never to ever ever throw anything\.  It's worse than useless\.
+Just send the error message back as the first argument to the callback\.
+.SH Errors
+.P
+Always create a new Error object with your message\.  Don't just return a
+string message to the callback\.  Stack traces are handy\.
+.SH Logging
+.P
+Logging is done using the npmlog \fIhttps://github\.com/npm/npmlog\fR
+utility\.
+.P
+Please clean up logs when they are no longer helpful\.  In particular,
+logging the same object over and over again is not helpful\.  Logs should
+report what's happening so that it's easier to track down where a fault
+occurs\.
+.P
+Use appropriate log levels\.  See npm help 7 \fBnpm\-config\fP and search for
+"loglevel"\.
+.SH Case, naming, etc\.
+.P
+Use \fBlowerCamelCase\fP for multiword identifiers when they refer to objects,
+functions, methods, properties, or anything not specified in this section\.
+.P
+Use \fBUpperCamelCase\fP for class names (things that you'd pass to "new")\.
+.P
+Use \fBall\-lower\-hyphen\-css\-case\fP for multiword filenames and config keys\.
+.P
+Use named functions\.  They make stack traces easier to follow\.
+.P
+Use \fBCAPS_SNAKE_CASE\fP for constants, things that should never change
+and are rarely used\.
+.P
+Use a single uppercase letter for function names where the function
+would normally be anonymous, but needs to call itself recursively\.  It
+makes it clear that it's a "throwaway" function\.
+.SH null, undefined, false, 0
+.P
+Boolean variables and functions should always be either \fBtrue\fP or
+\fBfalse\fP\|\.  Don't set it to 0 unless it's supposed to be a number\.
+.P
+When something is intentionally missing or removed, set it to \fBnull\fP\|\.
+.P
+Don't set things to \fBundefined\fP\|\.  Reserve that value to mean "not yet
+set to anything\."
+.P
+Boolean objects are verboten\.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.RS 0
+.IP \(bu 2
+npm help 7 developers
+.IP \(bu 2
+npm help 7 faq
+.IP \(bu 2
+npm help npm
+
+.RE
+